Retirement can be a tricky time to manage your finances. Often, it represents a huge change as your regular income might stop and, instead, you start to deplete your assets. So, it’s natural that emotions might influence some of the decisions you make if you let them, but it could be harmful.

Here are three different ways emotions could affect your retirement outlook and how to manage them.

1. Retirement excitement could lead to overspending

Retirement is often an exciting milestone and one you might have been looking forward to for years.

So, if you’re focused on enjoying the moment and ticking off some of those long-awaited dreams, you’re not alone. Perhaps you’ve booked an extravagant holiday now you don’t have to fit it around work, or you’ve finally got around to making the home improvements that have been on your mind for ages.

Celebrating the next chapter of your life is important – you’ve earned it – but it often needs to be balanced with a long-term outlook.

Many retirees have a defined contribution pension, which doesn’t provide a regular income. Instead, you’ll need to manage how and when to access your savings to ensure they provide financial security for the rest of your life. There’s a risk that if you spend too much too soon, you could run out in your later years.

Meeting your financial planner to discuss how much you can sustainably withdraw from your pension could help you strike the right balance. Knowing that your plan considers your long-term financial security could mean you’re able to enjoy those early retirement celebrations even more.

2. Investment market movements could lead to emotional decisions

During your working life, your pension is usually invested with the aim of delivering long-term growth. As modern retirements often span decades, it could make sense to leave your pension or other assets invested when you give up work to potentially generate returns.

One of the emotional challenges of investing is the temptation to react to market news. Whether it’s negative or positive, attention-grabbing headlines can leave you feeling like you need to make adjustments to your investments.

You might be excited about an opportunity or fearful of a potential downturn, and make a knee-jerk decision based on these emotions.

However, as with investing when you’re working, a measured, long-term approach often makes sense for retired investors. While investment returns cannot be guaranteed, markets have, historically, delivered returns over a long-term time frame.

Try to tune out the noise and emotions when you’re reviewing your investments and focus on your goals instead.

Reviewing your investment strategy as you near retirement could help you feel more confident about your long-term finances and identify if adjustments might be necessary, based on your changing circumstances rather than emotions.

3. Fear of overspending may hold back your retirement dreams

While some retirees risk running out of money, the opposite can also be true.

Despite having saved diligently during their working life for a comfortable retirement, some people find that their concerns mean they feel nervous about using their pension or other assets. It could mean that a retirement that promised much is disappointing, even though they have the funds to turn their goals into a reality.

You might think of financial planning as a way to grow your wealth, but that’s not always the case. Financial planning is about helping you use your assets to reach your goals. In retirement, that could mean encouraging you to spend more if you’re in a position to do so.

If you’ve been putting off booking the safari you’ve been looking forward to or simply counting every penny when you go shopping, a meeting with your financial planner might be just what you need.

By understanding your assets and how the value of them might change during your lifetime depending on your spending habits, you can set out a budget that’s right for you and, hopefully, find the confidence to really enjoy this chapter of your life.

A retirement plan could help keep emotions in check

A retirement plan that’s been tailored to your lifestyle goals and financial circumstances could give you the confidence to dismiss potentially harmful emotions and focus on getting the most out of your retirement years. Please contact us to arrange a meeting with our team.

Please note: This blog is for general information only and does not constitute financial advice, which should be based on your individual circumstances. The information is aimed at retail clients only.

The value of your investments (and any income from them) can go down as well as up, and you may not get back the full amount you invested. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future performance.

Investments should be considered over the longer term and should fit in with your overall attitude to risk and financial circumstances.

A pension is a long-term investment not normally accessible until 55 (57 from April 2028). The fund value may fluctuate and can go down, which would have an impact on the level of pension benefits available.

The tax implications of pension withdrawals will be based on your individual circumstances. Thresholds, percentage rates, and tax legislation may change in subsequent Finance Acts. 

This guest blog was written by Chris Budd, who wrote the original Financial Wellbeing Book as well as The Four Cornerstones of Financial Wellbeing. He founded the Institute for Financial Wellbeing and has written more than 100 episodes of the Financial Wellbeing Podcast.

Life can be complicated, can’t it? There are so many distractions, sometimes it’s hard to keep focus on the main objectives of life, one of which surely must be to maintain our wellbeing.

Being happy doesn’t come easily. It takes work and nurture. We need to actively ensure that we spend our time and money promoting the things that will bring us joy.

Some of these things are fairly obvious – a roof over our heads, food on the table, good health, love, and kindness.

Some are less obvious. Indeed, some are actually part of the problem, things we think will bring wellbeing that turn out to be false objectives, like a bigger house or an expensive car.

There is one particular piece of research, however, that reveals the secret to a happy life, something that has been shown to be the main contributor to our long-term wellbeing. It is the thing on which we should surely focus our time and money, and, as a result, our financial plan.

The Harvard longitudinal study

Researchers at Harvard University asked a cohort of young people – some of them Harvard students, and some from poor areas of Boston – what they thought would make them happy as they went through life.

Overwhelmingly, these young people reported two anticipated sources of wellbeing: money and fame.

The researchers then went back to those young people every two years. They asked them how happy they were, and what factors were helping or hindering their wellbeing.

They have been doing so ever since, for the last 80 years or so. They brought on new cohorts, and so now have a huge bank of information about the contributory factors to a happy life and long-term wellbeing.

The secret to wellbeing

Perhaps unsurprisingly, those who became famous reported no higher levels of wellbeing than those who did not. What may be more of a surprise, however, is that those who became wealthy also reported no greater levels of wellbeing than those who were not wealthy.

There was, however, one overriding factor that affected the levels of wellbeing – the quality of their social relationships.

Note that it is not the quantity, but the quality.

Those who reported high quality levels of social relationships were happier than those who did not. This even ran so deep that those who reported being lonely often died younger.

The application to financial planning

Buying a luxury item might make us happy for a while. However, it is unlikely to have a significant impact on longer-term wellbeing. If owning bigger and more things is not a source of wellbeing, but quality of social relationships is, how does this impact our relationship with money?

The key question of financial planning is: how much is enough? This Harvard study tells us that we need to extend this question – how much is enough, and for what?

One of the keys to increasing financial wellbeing is having a clear path to identifiable objectives. What are those identifiable objectives that your financial plan aims to make real? Do they include any references to the quality of your social relationships?

In practical terms, this might be a trip to visit friends or loved ones living far away. It could be moving to a four-day week to spend more time supporting a charity or other organisation you are involved with. Or you may change jobs to one that pays a bit less, but allows you to walk the kids to school and tuck them into bed at night. I’m sure you could think of many other examples.

With so many distractions and complications, it is so easy to get distracted from the main contributor to our wellbeing. This is what your financial plan is actually for. To create that clear path to identifiable objectives, and then to review progress regularly. In this way, you can ensure that your financial plan is helping you to focus on the things that are the secret to happiness.

You can read all about the Harvard study on happiness in the book The Good Life by Robert Waldinger and Mark Schulz.

Please note: This blog is for general information only and does not constitute financial advice, which should be based on your individual circumstances. The information is aimed at retail clients only.

Trade tariffs continued to affect investment markets in June 2025, though uncertainty did start to ease. However, rising tensions in the Middle East may have affected the performance of your investments. Read on to find out more.

Remember, it’s often wise to take a long-term view of your investments when reviewing returns, rather than focusing on short-term market movements.

In June, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) cut its global growth forecast to 2.9% in 2025 and 2026, down from 3.1% and 3% respectively, on the assumption that tariff rates in mid-May are sustained.

The OECD said: “Substantial increases in barriers to trade, tighter financial conditions, weaker business and consumer confidence and heightened policy uncertainty will all have marked adverse effects on growth prospects if they persist.”

Similarly, the World Bank lowered its growth forecasts for nearly 70% of all economies. It estimates that the 2020s are on course to be the weakest decade for the global economy since the 1960s.

Trade tensions ease, but uncertainty in the Middle East leads to volatility

On 2 June, a European market sell-off started in early trading as investors continued to react to the trade war. Stock indices, which track the largest companies listed on each stock exchange, were down, including Germany’s DAX (-0.25%), France’s CAC (-0.5%), and the UK’s FTSE 100 (-0.27%). Markets in the US also opened lower, including the S&P 500 dropping 0.3%.

However, there was some good news in the UK. Following the announcement of a new defence review, stocks in the sector jumped, with Babcock, one of the largest Ministry of Defence contractors, leading the way with a rise of 3.8%.  

Germany’s sluggish economy received a boost on 4 June when a tax relief package worth €46 billion between 2025 and 2029 was unveiled. It led to the DAX rising 0.9%.

After weeks of tit-for-tat tariffs between the US and China, a trade deal was struck on 11 June. The US said a 55% tariff, inclusive of pre-existing levies, would be placed on China. The deal led to Chinese stocks rising. Indeed, the CSI 300 index, which tracks the largest stocks on the Shanghai and Shenzhen markets, was up around 0.8%.

Despite poor economic data from the UK, the FTSE 100 closed at a record high on 12 June. Among the top risers were health and safety device maker Halma (2.8%) and Tesco (1.8%).

In contrast, European markets dipped, with the DAX (-1.35%) and CAC (-1%) both falling.

The Iran-Israel crisis led to stock markets falling when they opened on 13 June. In London, the FTSE 100 was down 0.56% and almost every blue-chip share was in the red. It was a similar picture in Europe and the US, with indices dipping.

On 24 June, Donald Trump, president of the US, declared there was a ceasefire between Iran and Israel. It led to geopolitical fears easing and markets rallying around the world. However, some fears remain.

UK

UK economic data released in June was weak.

Data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows the UK economy shrank by 0.3% in April. This was partly linked to trade tariffs as exports of UK goods to the US fell by around £2 billion.

In addition, the ONS revealed the rate of inflation remained above the 2% target at 3.4% in the 12 months to May. The news led to the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee voting to hold interest rates.

However, think tank the Institute for Public Policy Committee said the central bank was harming households by not cutting the base interest rate. It also added that GDP was lower than expected because interest rates have been kept too high for too long.

A Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) involves surveying companies to create an economic indicator. A reading above 50 suggests a sector is growing.

In June, PMI readings for May show the manufacturing and construction sectors were contracting, but they had improved when compared to a month earlier, leading to hopes that a corner has been turned. In addition, the composite PMI, which combines service and manufacturing surveys, moved back into growth.

Europe

Eurostat figures show the rate of inflation across the eurozone fell to 1.9% in May, down from 2.2% in April, taking it below the European Central Bank’s (ECB) 2% target for the first time since September 2024.

In response, the ECB lowered its three key interest rates for the eighth time in the last 12 months.

There was also positive news from PMI data. The eurozone continues to hover just above the 50 mark that indicates growth, and German business activity returned to growth in June. As the largest economy in the eurozone, German activity is important to the bloc, and factory orders were also higher than expected.

Ireland is leading the EU in terms of growth. The country had expected its GDP to grow by 3.2% in the first quarter of 2025, but exceeded this with an impressive 9.7% boost. The jump was linked to strong exports in pharmaceuticals and other key sectors as companies tried to get ahead of tariffs.

US

In the 12 months to May 2025, the rate of inflation in the US increased slightly to 2.4% and remains above the Federal Reserve’s target of 2%.

A PMI conducted by the Institute of Supply Management shows the US manufacturing sector is slipping due to tariff uncertainty. Indeed, 57% of the sector’s GDP contracted in May, up from 41% in April.

The data from the service sector was also negative, with figures showing it contracted in May for the first time in June 2024, and new orders fell at the fastest rate since December 2022.

However, separate data suggests that businesses are feeling more optimistic about the future.

The National Federation of Independent Business’s Small Business Optimism Index increased three points in May. It was the first rise since Trump took office at the start of the year thanks to trade talks taking place between the US and China throughout June.

The US economy also added 139,000 jobs in May. The number was slightly higher than forecast and could suggest that businesses feel confident enough to expand their workforce. 

Asia

Data from China showed it wasn’t immune to the effects of the trade war.

China’s National Bureau of Statistics data shows inflation was -0.1% in May as prices dropped. Deflation affecting the country highlighted the importance of the US and China reaching a trade deal.

In addition, manufacturing activity in May shrank at the fastest pace in two and a half years. Firms were hit by falls in new orders and weaker export demand. The PMI reading was 48.5, down from 50.4 in April.

Please note: This blog is for general information only and does not constitute financial advice, which should be based on your individual circumstances. The information is aimed at retail clients only.

The value of your investments (and any income from them) can go down as well as up, and you may not get back the full amount you invested. Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future performance.

Investments should be considered over the longer term and should fit in with your overall attitude to risk and financial circumstances.

You may have seen the recent headlines about Marks & Spencer (M&S) and the significant cyberattacks the retailer has been a victim of, causing immense disruption to its online operations and costing an estimated £300 million in profits.

In this case, scammers have stolen key customer information, which the BBC reported could include names, email addresses, telephone numbers, and dates of birth, and are using this data to scam people through a process called “social engineering”. This involves them pretending to be an authority, such as your bank or the police, and using the small amount of information they have illegally obtained to trick you into giving away more of your personal details, or even steal money from you.

Even if you are not an M&S customer, the story may have left you feeling concerned about being contacted by fraudsters and scammed yourself.

When it comes to financial fraud, knowledge is power. That’s why we’ve produced a brand-new guide, featuring everything you need to know about scams and how to avoid them.

The guide contains all kinds of useful insights into scams, including:

• The cost and impact of scams on victims
• 10 common scams and how to spot them
• How to spot a cloned firm, and five signs of a pension scam
• Why people fall for scams, and how you can prevent yourself from being a victim
• Who to turn to if you’re worried about scams.

To read more about scams and staying safe, download your copy by clicking the button below.

Download the guide

If you’d like to speak to us about keeping your wealth safe and secure from fraud, please get in touch today.

A recent article published by an influential think tank, the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), has suggested that the Labour government should consider increasing the basic rate of Income Tax in order to boost revenue and curb the amount of money it has to borrow.

Doing this would break a so-called “taboo” as no chancellor has increased the basic rate of Income Tax for 50 years. Indeed, for much of that time, the aim of most chancellors has been to cut the basic rate as a symbol of their commitment to low personal taxation.

In this article, you can discover why the IFS is suggesting the government make this move, and how it could affect your finances.  

The basic rate of Income Tax has been gradually reduced over the last 50 years

The last chancellor to increase the basic rate of Income Tax was Dennis Healey in 1975, who raised it from 33% to 35%. At the time, the UK government was facing the combined financial threats of economic weakness at home, together with global uncertainty driven by the oil crisis. 

Since that time, the basic rate has only ever been reduced, with the final reduction to its existing rate of 20% made by the former chancellor, Gordon Brown, in 2007.

In reality, however, the freeze in tax thresholds and the Personal Allowance since 2021 has actually resulted in many individuals paying more Income Tax. The Personal Allowance stands at £12,570 and is set to be frozen at this level until 2028, meaning that the more a person earns, the higher their Income Tax is likely to be. This is commonly known as a “stealth tax”.

Previous governments have sought alternatives to Income Tax to raise revenue

Instead of increasing the basic rate, successive governments have used other methods to raise revenue, such as implementing higher taxes on businesses and capital gains.

The rate of VAT has also increased markedly in the last 50 years, from 8% in 1975 to 20% in 2025/26, as chancellors have seen taxing consumption more politically acceptable to the electorate than taxing income.

Previous governments have also put up the rate at which individuals pay National Insurance contributions (NICs) on their income. While having the same effect as an increase in Income Tax, this does seem to be somewhat less emotive. This could be down to the fact that NICs receipts are hypothecated and used to fund the State Pension and other benefits such as Maternity Allowance, so earners understand where their contributions are going.

Election promises have restricted the government’s revenue raising options

During the 2024 general election campaign, the Labour Party manifesto pledged no increases in:

• The standard rate of VAT
• Employee NICs
• Income Tax.

Labour made it clear that the government intends to fund increased public spending through the proceeds of economic growth rather than higher taxes. It has also committed to only increase borrowing to fund growth.

To this end, this government has announced a series of measures, including a massive house-building programme, along with big infrastructure projects such as airport expansion and the Oxford-Cambridge corridor.

However, all those measures will take time to come to fruition and deliver growth. In the meantime, public services, such as the NHS, schools, and local government, remain in need of financial support.

External events have blown government plans off course

As well as internal challenges, the government’s financial position has been made even more precarious by two external events:

1. The reduction in the US financial and military commitment to Ukraine, which has forced other nations, including the UK, to boost defence spending.
2. The imposition by President Trump of a 10% tariff on all UK exports to the US.

While increased military expenditure could ultimately be an effective growth driver, it poses an immediate funding problem for the treasury.

Tariffs on UK goods and services entering the US provide a more immediate challenge. A paper issued by the Department for Business and Trade confirmed that these have led to a reduction in business confidence, and a report in the Guardian suggesting that this would hinder the very growth the government is hoping for.

The effect of an Income Tax rise on your income

Clearly, there is no danger of Income Tax rates reverting to the level they were at in 1975.

However, according to the government, just a 1% increase in the basic rate would raise £6.55 billion in 2025/26 and £7.9 billion the following year. Additionally, if the government were to announce an increase of 1% on all Income Tax rates, this would raise £8.1 billion next year.

So, how would an increase in Income Tax affect your take-home pay?

According to Forbes, the UK national average salary is £37,430, as of April 2025.

Assuming you are entitled to the full Personal Allowance of £12,570, the table shows the comparative amounts of Income Tax you would pay.

Annual income £37,430	Income Tax payable
Basic rate of 20%	£4,970.30
Basic rate of 21%	£5,220.60
Annual increase in Income Tax	£250.30

Source: Government website

While any potential increase in Income Tax is likely to be relatively small, it’s clear that this would be controversial, especially given the manifesto commitment the Labour Party made not to take such a step.

However, the government could justifiably argue that it could not have foreseen the issues around defence spending and US tariffs.

As a result, it may be tempted to earmark any Income Tax rise for defence spending, which may well help to increase the public’s acceptance of it.

Please note: This blog is for general information only and does not constitute financial advice, which should be based on your individual circumstances. The information is aimed at retail clients only.

Please do not act based on anything you might read in this article. All contents are based on our understanding of HMRC legislation, which is subject to change.

The Financial Conduct Authority does not regulate tax planning.

According to a Citywire report, forecasts from the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) suggest the amount of Inheritance Tax (IHT) paid to HMRC will have increased by 11.6% in 2024/25 compared to 2023/24.

This will mean that the total amount of IHT paid in the 2024/25 financial year will have reached a record high of £8.4 billion.

The report suggests that the big year-on-year increase has been primarily driven by the long-term freeze of the level at which IHT becomes chargeable, and the increase in asset values.

With the freeze on thresholds due to continue until 2030, this highlights the importance of ensuring you are taking effective estate planning measures to mitigate the amount of IHT payable on the value of your assets. Doing this can help ensure that your beneficiaries are not left with an unwelcome and substantial tax charge on your death.

There are series of straightforward measures you can make use of to reduce your IHT liability. One of these, which is often overlooked, is known as “gifting from surplus income”.

In this article you can read about how it works, and help ensure that as much of your wealth as possible passes to your beneficiaries rather than HMRC.  

Gifting assets is an effective way to reduce your IHT liability

In the 2025/26 tax year, IHT is normally charged at 40% on the value of your estate in excess of the £325,000 allowance, commonly referred to as your “nil-rate band”.  

If your primary residential property is included in your estate and it is passed to a direct descendant, your total tax-free allowance will likely increase to £500,000.

It’s also important to bear in mind that these allowances apply to individuals, so a couple can enjoy a combined tax-free allowance of up to £1 million.

The most common and straightforward way to reduce your IHT liability is by gifting assets – belongings, investments, or cash – to your beneficiaries during your lifetime, so they no longer form part of your estate.

You have three annual gift allowances you can make use of:

1. A £3,000 annual exemption, which can be split among as many recipients as you like. You can “carry forward” any unused allowance from one year into the next. This means that you and your spouse or partner could gift £12,000 immediately if you have not previously made any gifts
2. Wedding gift allowances of £5,000 for a child’s wedding, £2,500 for a grandchild’s wedding, or £1,000 for anyone else. This exemption counts in addition to the standard annual exemption.
3. Unlimited small gifts of £250 or less to other individuals, provided they have not been the recipient of another of the above exemptions.

Beyond these three allowances, all other gifts you make will be treated as potentially exempt transfers (PETs) and subject to the “seven-year rule”.

This means that if you live for seven years from the date of making the PET, no IHT will be payable. Within those seven years, however, a taper relief system is applied, which means that the amount of IHT will depend on how long you live after making the gift.  

Years between gift and death	IHT payable on the gift
Less than 3 years	40%
3 to 4 years	32%
4 to 5 years	24%
5 to 6 years	16%
6 to 7 years	8%
7 or more years	Nil

As well as allowable gifts and PETs, a further effective way to mitigate your IHT liability is by utilising the “gifts out of surplus income” rule.

Gifts out of income are usually Inheritance Tax-free

Making gifts out of your regular income is an effective estate planning measure. Not only are these gifts usually IHT-free, making them carries the added benefit of you being able to provide the recipient of your gifts with valuable ongoing financial support. 

While there is no limit to the amount you can gift in this way, there are three strict conditions you need to comply with:

1. You must be able to demonstrate that the gifts you make are from your income, such as your salary or regular pension, rather than your accrued capital.
2. The gifts must be made on a regular basis and not simply be one-off transfers.  
3. By gifting from your income, you must ensure that you are not reducing your own standard of living, and that the income in question is surplus to your requirements.

As well as not reducing your living standards, you will also need to assess how making such gifts on a regular basis could affect your own long-term financial plans.

You will need to review your own arrangements to confirm that the gifts you make are affordable when set against your other priorities, and that you are not creating future problems for yourself if the money you are gifting could be better allocated for other uses.

For example, you might you better off setting money aside for future care provision, or to cover moving costs if you intend to downsize to a smaller property.

You should also carefully consider how any gifts of this kind will be used. Earmarking these for a specific purpose can often be advantageous. This could include paying annual school fees for your grandchildren, or putting regular amounts into a Junior ISA, that they can then access when they are 18.

You should keep accurate records of all gifts you make

As with all your personal finance transactions, it’s important to keep detailed records of all gifts you make, whether they are out of income, within your gift allowance, or PETs.

This is certainly the case when it comes to gifts out of income and substantial PETs, as your executors are likely to need to provide these to HMRC when they are dealing with your estate on your death.  

Accurate records can help expedite the process of obtaining probate, and ensure that your beneficiaries are able to enjoy your bequest to them without any unnecessary delay.

Please note: This blog is for general information only and does not constitute financial advice, which should be based on your individual circumstances. The information is aimed at retail clients only.

Please do not act based on anything you might read in this article. All contents are based on our understanding of HMRC legislation, which is subject to change.

The Financial Conduct Authority does not regulate tax planning or estate planning.

Remember that taper relief only applies to gifts in excess of the nil-rate band. It follows that, if no tax is payable on the transfer because it does not exceed the nil-rate band (after cumulation), there can be no relief.

Taper relief does not reduce the value transferred; it reduces the tax payable as a consequence of that transfer.